Geography- Interconnections and Biomes Essay Example

Geography- Interconnections and Biomes Paper Boomers are regions of the world with similar climate (weather, temperature), animals and plants. There are terrestrial boomers (land) and aquatic boomers (water). Boomer Tundra: Location- Regions south of the Ice caps in the Arctic. In North America, Northern Europe and Asia. Climate- Short cool summers and long freezing cold winters. High winds. Adoptions- Thick fur to survive during winter and found places to hibernate during winter. Plants- Lichens mosses, grasses, shrubs. Animals- Artic Fox and Polar bear Special Facts- Plants in Tundra regions tend to be small and stunted due to the year mound freezing and thawing of the poor soil. Boomer Desert: Location- On the western side of Earth, Including, Asia, Africa, and Australia Climate- Really, really dry. Little to no rainfall at all. Adoptions- Animals need to go for long periods without or with little water. Plants- Barrel Cactus and Desert spoons Animals- Dingos, Kangaroos, Camels Special Facts- Although the daytime temperatures of the desert boomer are very hot, they can get very cold at night. All the major boomers: Polar lands, Tundra, Boreal forest. Mountain vegetation, Temperature forest, Grasslands, Desert and Tropical forest. Why is there such an abundance of life in a rainforests? This Is because abundance of life is due to Ideal growing conditions In the forests. Why Is the grasslands boomer Important for human populations? The grasslands boomer is important to human population because it has the ability to grow plants and provide animals with a place to live, it provides most of the worlds foods and fiber, for example, animals provide meat and milk and plants provide rice and vegetables. Food security: What Is food security? Food security is a state where all people at all times have access to enough safe, atrocious food to sustain a healthy life. For a person, community or country to have a secure food supply they must have three things: Food availability Food accessibility using food appropriately. People who do not have food security suffer from hunger and Illnesses related to lack 000, sun as malnutrition Food availability: Food availability means people have enough food of appropriate quality available on a consistent basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography- Interconnections and Biomes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Geography- Interconnections and Biomes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Geography- Interconnections and Biomes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Food accessibility: Food accessibility means physical and economic access to food. That is, there needs to be enough food available and it must be in reach of those who need it. Using food appropriately: Appropriate use of food means using food safely and applying knowledge about nutrition, clean water and sanitation when preparing food. Threats to Food Security: Threats to Food Security? Food security depends on a number of factors. In some places, these factors are in a state of flux, and food security is under constant threat. The main factors that come into play and put food security at risk are: water scarcity; climate change; threats from non-native plants, animals and insects; competition for land; the use of land for fuel instead of food; and armed conflict. Water scarcity: Water scarcity is the lack of access to enough safe water. The supply of clean, safe water is important not only for people to drink, but for the safe growing of crops for food. Climate change: Climate change refers to long-term changes in weather events and patterns worldwide. The effects of climate change, such as, rising global temperatures and changes in levels of rainfall, could heavily put the security of food to risk. As there wont be ideal amounts of rainfall or the ideal temperatures for certain crops to grow. Animals on the other hand, might not be able to cope with the rising temperatures. Threats from non-native plants, animals and insects: The introduction of non-native plants, animals or insects into an area can have devastating effects on the natural environment. This, in turn, can develop into a situation where food security is put at risk. Competition for land: In many places around the world, agriculture is being threatened by competition for land. Food security may come under threat by people or corporations who want to use land for purposes other than growing food crops. The use of land for fuel instead of food: The biggest emerging threats to food security in recent years has come from the Roth in the amount of land being used to produce crops used to feed cars, not people. Armed conflict: Armed conflicts have the potential to affect the food security of entire regions and may even result in famine. In armed conflict, food may be stolen from the local people by armed forces, land used for growing food crops may be destroyed, or the who would normally farm go off to fight. Supply chains: What is a Supply Chain? A supply chain is simply the Journey of a product from its source to the consumer and then its disposal once used. There are 5 stages in this process, extracting or rowing raw materials, maturating, Illustration, consumption Ana waste. Extracting or growing raw material- All consumer goods begin as raw materials. They are dug from the ground, grown in farms and forests or taken from rivers and oceans. Raw materials include substances like oil, wood, water, metals and minerals. Manufacturing or processing- Most raw materials are processed in some way to transform them into useful consumer products. This may be as simple as washing, sorting and packaging tomatoes or other foods from farms, or it may be a very complex and intricate series of processes. Distribution- The manufactured goods must be transported to the consumer. The largest volumes of goods are moved by ships but planes, trains and trucks are also used. Goods are often taken to warehouses for storage and then to shops where they are accessed by the consumer, who then transports them to the place they will be used. Consumption- The use of goods and services is known as consumption. Waste- After we are done with goods some are treated and recycled, others are simply dumped. Tourism: There are 4 types of tourism, recreational tourism, historical tourism, wilderness tourism and costumers. Recreational tourism: In recreational tourism, tourists travel to have a good time, to relax, and to enjoy the attractions and activities on offer in the places they are visiting. Many recreational tourists spend their time relaxing on the beach, eating in restaurants, shopping or attending shows. (Hawaii or Bali) Historical tourism: Historical tourists are generally interested learning more about important events that may have taken place in the past, by visiting the places where they happened. They visit important buildings, view artifacts and monuments and sometimes listen to stories from local experts. England, France, Rome) Wilderness tourism: Wilderness tourists enjoy the challenge of visiting wild places such as the Amazon rainforests, Antarctica or the Himalaya. These travelers enjoy the remote lands, rugged landscapes and challenging weather conditions. (Himalaya, Amazon, Antarctica) Costumers: Couturiers travel to natural areas that are relatively undisturbed, and possibly fragile, to learn more about these special places in a socially responsible manner. Couturiers try to minimize their impact and avoid damaging the environment in which they travel. They may even aim to improve the wellbeing of the land and those hat live there. (Chile or Great Barrier Reef) Interconnections: Interconnections- A connection to the world by trade, tourism, transport technologies and communications. How every place/ person on Earth is connected to every other place/ person? We are connected by trade, social media, technology, internet, online shopping and anything that connects us with the rest of the world. We are connected by technology ad evolution as we are advancing our knowledge of the world. We are connected to the world where we are connected to countries that have resources that we require.

Lupus Nephritis essays

Lupus Nephritis essays Lupus Nephritis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by systematic lupus erythematous (SLE) and causes inflammation of the kidneys.1 Normally, the immune system is supposed to protect the human body from harmful and infectious elements. However, an autoimmune disease affects the immune system in a manner in which it cannot tell the difference between a healthy and harmful substance, which can lead to attacks on healthy cells and tissue indiscriminately.2 It is a disease that predominately afflicts women between the ages of 15 and 40 and affects 1 in 2,000 women within the United States.3 It was reported that African Americans are more susceptible to lupus nephritis, the disease is developed at a younger age, and are predisposed to end-stage kidney disease.4 Currently, there is no cure for the disease but treatment options are available for those that are affected. Lupus Nephritis is one of the most serious complications of SLE as it significantly affects the kidney and usually arises within five years of diagnosis.5 It occurs when "lupus autoantibodies affect the filtering structures (glomeruli) of your kidneys that results in kidney inflammation and may lead to blood in the urine, (hematuria), protein in the urine (proteinuria), impaired kidney function or even kidney failure."6 Lupus nephritis is categorized into six World Health Organization classes: I, normal; II, mesangial; III, focal proliferative; IV, diffuse proliferative; V, membranous; and VI, advanced sclerosing.3 Each class of lupus nephritis is examined in further detail below. Class I. This class is defined as "minimal mesangial lupus nephritis with mesangial accumulation of immune complexes identified by immunofluorescence, or by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, without concomitant light microscopic alterations."7 Class II. Class II is defined as mesangial lupus nephritis is characterized by "any degree of mesangial hypercellularity i...

The professional nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The professional nurse - Essay Example ing are responsible for taking strategic decisions about the practice of nursing and they have to develop new practices in the light of new research findings (May & Veitch, 1998). The officials of Board are also blessed with the authority of hold trails against unethical and deficient practices. However, Professional Nursing Organization has to train new recruits according to changing needs and requirements of the field which are passed by the Board of Nursing and other organizations like it (Functional Differences in PNO and Board of Nursing). Secondly, conditions imposed by Ethical Code of Nursing works in order to generally benefit the staff but it limits me from showing too much compassion towards patients because they may seek intimate relations (Williams, 2001). However, in some cases, I literally know that I can do more but I have to refrain myself from overindulgence. Thirdly, Ethical Code helps me in terms of saving my character from staining and I am trained to circumvent s exual advances of patients by limiting my services to fulfillment of minimal professional duties. Nurses are there to help the ill irrespective of their race, gender and economic situation and they have to show compassion to an acceptable degree as well (Read, Adiibokah, & Nyame, 2009). On the other hand, they are supposed to work in order to improve the quality of life of the patients by keeping them in a lively environment and they should encourage them to spend their time in healthy activities. Need Theory had influenced my pattern of work and I have been an optimistic person in the direction of my work in early days. However, as I grew in my experience then, I became more and more convinced that I shall render minimal medical aid to sick and encourage them to take charge of their recovery process (Sullivan, Menapace, & White, 2001). Human Caring Theory in my personal view is conveying one and the same thing as Need Theory because we cannot make one well if he or she is not hopeful

Unethical Desion in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unethical Desion in business - Essay Example what Alan Greenspan called the â€Å"increasingly complex financial instruments† that were supposed to have built â€Å"a far more efficient, flexible and resilient financial system† were actually tools designed to circumvent the banking regulatory system meant to ensure safety and prudence in the first place (Lewis et al., 2010:79). The bankers behind them were not motivated by any desire other than greed for profits, and their greed cost hundreds of thousands of people worldwide their homes, jobs, and the security of their families. In earlier times and even today in many cultures, the image of a businessman connotes shrewd selfishness that will not hesitate to pry the last dollar from an unwitting customer’s fingers. In many instances, the impression is well-justified, prompted by the oft-used phrase: â€Å"It’s only business† in explaining why the hapless customer should find himself short-changed. The multi-million dollar golden parachutes CEOs of the failed banks awarded themselves with before abandoning the ship of drowning investors are perfectly legal, they argue: it’s just business, as if that were sufficient excuse to avoid the norms of ethical behaviour. It is often thought that unethical behaviour in business is caused by the lack of time to ponder the repercussions of a decision that must be made in haste. That is not so, according to a recent study. Zhong, et al. (2010) found just the opposite, that the greater the time for deliberation, the less ethical the decision tends to be. This appears to contradict all known earlier philosophies that the time to reason ensures ethical choices. The experiment performed in the study, however, seems to suggest that when given the freedom to consult their consciences before acting, instead of simply following the rules, one is persuaded to rationalize his actions, to provide some â€Å"good† to explain why an unethical decision (usually more beneficial to himself) could be made. In simple words, the

Group Definition Of Cross Cultural Awareness Management Essay

Group Definition Of Cross Cultural Awareness Management Essay The purpose of this report is to add to the group slide presentation on cross cultural awareness and the training program that was formulated to tackle the issue. Within this report there will be a summary of each the points that the group focused on. The task that the group were faced with was in the form of a training program that was geared towards increasing cross cultural awareness of a group of 10 British sales managers who work for IBM. Group Definition of Cross Cultural Awareness As more companies expand globally involving expatriates, the need for culture awareness has increased. The lack of cultural awareness is the main cause of misunderstanding and conflicts because of the cultural differences and where the behaviour perception of one culture may be different for another. (Cushner Brislin, 1996). The authors gave different names to cross-cultural awareness such as cross-cultural competence, cross-cultural training, intercultural competence and intercultural sensitivity. Based on several academic literatures, cross-cultural awareness means that a good understanding of its own culture will help the individual to understand more the others cultures and then to be more successful in cross cultural behaviour. In other words, the individual should be conscious enough of their own culture in developing the managers intercultural competence. That means increasing the ability to behave in intercultural way and improving communication across cultures as the intercultural competence shows consideration for others needs and fulfilment of ones own satisfactions (Gupta Govindarajan, 2002). In addition, cross-cultural awareness enables the individual to create a self-awareness through which he can identify his own knowledge and cultural values. Importance of Cross-Cultural Awareness Cross-cultural awareness is considered an important tool that reduces the consequences of cross-cultural conflict. It helps to learn how to behave in appropriate way across different cultures and create a feeling for these cultural differences. This results in enhancing cross-cultural communication skills like listening, speaking and observing which play a vital role to build trust between people of different cultures. The improvement of partnership skills as well, that requires a greater international collaboration. In addition, it decreases the cross-cultural misunderstanding and creates a winning working environment in the workplace. It is a business benefit and cost-effective solution for many companies since it maximizes their potential globally and develops the intercultural sensitivity of expatriates by providing better results to the organisation. It has a significant importance because the expatriates would understand and accept and build a strong relationship with people fr om various cultural backgrounds. Appropriateness of Training Bush and Thomas (2000) explain that it is of a main important for developing successful buyer-seller relationship. A sales manager will have to go through special training which we can call cultural diversity training. Before going through this training Bush and Thomas (2000) argue that it is a requirement for sales people to be exposed to a culturally diverse encounter. This phase will lead sales managers to realise the impact cultural diversity will have on business relationship and will enable them to be really aware of its importance, instead of neglecting it. Requirements can be achieved thanks to management training games such as the BAFA BAFA game. This game begins with the creation of two teams. The sales management team will have to be split into two teams that have different languages and cultures and will have to handle with the rules of the game, and to understand each culture. This game has a long history of success and it was proved to be a good tool to make people from different background work more effectively together. Once the sales managers are aware of the benefit cross cultural training could bring to them, they can move on the proper training. Montagno,R.(1996) say this will enable sales mangers to  acquire the three main qualities needed to do business abroad such as initiate conversation and establish and maintain a meaningful relationship. Type, content and length of training Seven types of training were identified by researchers Litrell and Salas (2005). These seven approaches are identified in the appendix. Each of the seven have their meanings, for example with regards to the groups specific training program, language training means that individuals do not have to become fluent but a general understanding of common courtesies in the host language is provided. (Befus 1988; Bennett 1986) It was decided that six months would be a worthy timescale for the training to take place in order to cover the ten methods and contents chosen by the group. These ten, were sourced from the handbook of intercultural training the ten can be viewed in table 1. These link to the groups definition of cross cultural awareness because the group had identified the key words, such as sensitivity, which is linked to the content of culture sensitizer. From the ten, a table (table 1) was created, which described factors such as what the outcome of the training will be, whether the training will give them knowledge into about or across cultures, what the learning styles would be as different people have different learning styles, for example British people have a different style to American people. The ten were chosen because we felt these were most likely to fit the definition of cross cultural awareness that we produced, for example self-awareness will give employees an understanding about their own culture as well as other peoples cultures. Table 1: Training Methods Cultural Effects Yang, et al (2009) suggest that the effect of trainees cultural background could be examines by Hofstede cultural dimensions. According to Hofstede (1994), nation cultural is defined as the collective programming of the mind in a nation or region. Hofstede (2009) suggested that cultural has several dimensions which include Individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, time orientation, power distance and masculinity and femininity. The review on cultural effect to the British participants learning performance will base on Hofstedes framework. Table 2 is a summary of the participants cultural effect: Table 2 Cultural Effects in Cross Cultural Training (Sources: Geert Hofstede, 2010) Dimensions Score Effects Approaches Individualism/Collectivism 89 The UK individualism cultural have higher intrinsic motivation than participants from collectivism cultural. The UKs participants valence and training motivation are higher when training is perceived to increase the competencies of individuals. The UKs participants cultural adopt a concrete, intuitive, and inductive learning style. Uncertainty Avoidance 35 The UK participants cultural training effectiveness is associated with a lower level of valence. Short/Long-term Oriented 51 The UKs culture has an average score on time oriented dimension. As a result, the course shall take care on both long-terms and short terms benefits. Power Distance 35 The UK participants cultural is higher when the training is implemented by using a decision-making process. Muscularity/ femininity 66 The participants culture will have higher training motivation and valence when training is perceived to increase the competencies of individuals. The UK has high individualism culture, Yang et al. (2009) showed that participants from individualism cultures have higher intrinsic motivation than participants from collectivism cultures and their valence and training motivation are higher when training is perceived to increase the competencies of individuals. Therefore, the training program should focus on increasing individual performance rather than organizations competencies. Yang, et al. (2009) reported individual cultures adopt a concrete, intuitive, and inductive learning style. As a result, the course shall include elements of solid example to gain best result from participants. They also suggested lower uncertainty avoidance cultural training effectiveness is associated with a lower level of valence. Consequently, the training shall include more individual works rather than group works. They found that the participants from short term oriented will require immediate benefit from the training program. However, the participants from long term oriented will require future benefit from the training program. The UKs culture has an average score on time oriented dimension. Therefore, the course shall take care on both long-terms and short terms benefits. Yang et al. (2009) found that the participants from short term oriented will require immediate benefit from the training program. However, the participants from long term oriented will require future benefit from the training program. The UKs culture has an average score on time oriented dimension. Therefore, the course shall take care on both long-terms and short terms benefits. They also suggested that masculinity cultural will have higher training motivation and valence when training is perceived to increase the competencies of individuals. Therefore, the training program should focus on increasing individual performance rather than organizations competencies. Evaluation The evaluation is an important stage to be considered in the implementation of cross-culture training. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cross-culture training by linking logically the content of measures to the training content (Kraiger et al, 1993), assess the improvement of participants awareness about cultural differences and whether the skills and knowledge learned from the training has been implemented in the workplace (Littrell, Salas, 2005) in order to provide recommendations for future cross-culture training. In order to evaluate IBMs cross-culture training, it is important for the evaluator to understand the meaning of culture awareness and sensitivity and set up success criteria for CCT program (Guzman, 2003). Only then they can evaluate participants knowledge and cross-culture training outcomes. The evaluation requires mixed methods including both qualitative and quantitative in order to increase the reliability of the findings. Thus, we will use various evaluation methods at this stage namely conducting interviews with participants in order to determine the change of their cognitive, affective and cognitive behaviour during the training, their self-maintenance and their adjustment to multicultural environment that have been also mentioned by Cross, et al, (1992) A set of congruent behaviours, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals and enables that system, agency, or those professionals to work effectively in cross cultural situations. Th is method will be followed by pre-training and post-training survey in order to rate their competency and ability to deal with different cultures in the workplace. The return on investment (ROS) should also be used in order to measure the outcomes of this CCT program. This will help to decide whether CCT program should be modified or not and improve it in the future. Conclusion In conclusion, the pace of globalisation has raised a great attention of managers on the cross-cultural issues due to the conflicts and misunderstanding encountered in the workplace. These issues led to harsh consequences taking the form of frustrated shareholders and business opportunity losses. Therefore, there is a growing need to have an extensive interpersonal skills and knowledge than in past (Kealey and Protheroe, 1996). In other words, companies with an international growth strategy, such as our company IBM, are getting to implement a cross-cultural training for their global managers dealing with individuals from various cultures and this was an effective strategy to achieve their multicultural objectives and organisational performances. The six-month cross-cultural training implemented in IBM sales department will be a mean for our managers to increase their cultural awareness both at the professional and individual level including their communication and negotiation skills. Word Count: 1500 (exclude the tables and references) Appendix: Presentation Slides

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown - Moral and Philosophical Considerations :: Free Essays on Young Goodman Brown

Young Goodman Brown: Moral and Philosophical Considerations The terror and suspense in the Hawthorne story function as integral parts of the allegory that defines the story's theme. In allegory (a narrative containing a meaning beneath the surface one), there is usually a one-to-one relationship; that is, one idea or object in the narrative stands for only one idea or object allegorically. A story from the Old Testament illustrates this. The pharaoh of Egypt dreamed that seven fat cows were devoured by seven lean cows. Joseph interpreted this dream as meaning that seven years of plenty (good crops) would be followed by seven years of famine. "Young Goodman Brown" clearly functions on this level of allegory (while at times becoming richly symbolic). Brown is not just one Salem citizen of the late seventeenth century, but rather seems to typify mankind, to be in a sense Everyman, in that what he does and the reason he does it appear very familiar to most people, based on their knowledge of others and on honest appraisal of their own behavior. For example, Goodman Brown, like most people, wants to experience evil, not perpetually, of course, for he is by and large a decent chap, a respectably married man, a member of a church, but he desires to "taste the forbidden fruit" ("have one last fling") before settling down to the business of being a solid citizen and attaining "the good life." He feels that he can do this because he means to retain his religious faith, personified in his wife, who, to reinforce the allegory, is even named Faith. But in order to encounter evil, he must part with his Faith at least temporarily, something he is either willing or compelled to do. It is here that he makes his fatal mistake, for evil turns out to be not some abstraction nor something that can be played with for a while and then put down, but the very pillars of Goodman Brown's worldhis ancestors, his earthly rulers, his spiritual overseers, and finally his Faith. In short, so overpowering is the fact and the universality of evil in the world that Goodman Brown comes to doubt the existence of any good. By looking upon the very face of evil, he is transformed into a cynic and a misanthrope whose "dying hour was gloom." Thomas E. Connolly, in "Hawthorne's 'Young Goodman Brown': An Attack on Puritanic Calvinism" (American Literature, 28 [November 1956], 370-375), has remarked that Goodman Brown has not lost his faith; he has found it.

Most Effective Form of Power

In Chapter 13, we have learned about Power. In section 3. 1, there is a discussion regarding the 6 bases of power. Which type of power do you feel is most effective? Do you possess any of these powers? Please feel free to draw from outside of the business world if you would like. There are six different types of power to include legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power, information power, and referent power. Upon studying the lesson from Chapter 13, I believed the most effective type of power is referent power, â€Å"the ability to attract others, win their admiration, and hold them spellbound† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Unfortunately, I was studying the material as if each individual only holds one type of power. Throughout my research on this topic, I came across an article by Harold Fuqua, Jr. , Kay Payne, and Joseph Cangemi who state, â€Å"an effective leader rarely depends on only one source or base of power† (n. d. ). With this, I discovered the most effective type of power is actually a combination of expert, reward, and referent power. Based on my personal experiences, I have come to the following conclusions regarding the three different types of power that are the most effective when combined. Expert power is â€Å"power that comes from knowledge and skill† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Expert power is important because those who look up to you â€Å"will be dependent on your wisdom and knowledge to help them succeed† (Exforsys Inc. , 2006). In addition, people must not only believe it but must see it so it is imperative for a leader to ensure their â€Å"actions speak louder than their words† (Exforsys Inc. , 2006). I personally find this to be true. In the legal field, expert witnesses are used during courts to testify as to validity of certain evidence. Past experience working with the panel members (equivalent to civilian jury) shows they put more credibility into an expert witness who speaks in terms of science verse an expert witness who tries to dumb it down regardless of their actual knowledge level. Reward power, â€Å"the ability to grant a reward, such as an increase in pay, a perk, or an attractive job assignment† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012), at first glance seem to be the most effective type of power. Most people will strive to complete a job if there is something in it for them at the end. However a 1999 survey of performance-based work/life programs showed only â€Å"66. 8% of the respondents determine the impact of this type of program would improve employee satisfaction† (Prudden, n. d. ). This statistic shows although it might sometimes be an effective type of power, it is not necessarily the most effective. In addition, Liz Prudden points out several potential pitfalls to a reward program, one of which stood out in my mind as the largest downfall, to â€Å"match the reward and recognition to the recipient† (Prudden, n. . ). I find this to be true because if you have two individuals’ working toward a specific goal number, but one individuals’ tasks are more difficult and time consuming, the easier tasked worker has a higher chance of reaching the goal first and therefor obtaining the reward. Finally, referent power is â€Å"power that stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we like, respect, and want to be like them† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Referent power is important because â€Å"Power is the individual’s capacity to move others, to entice others, to persuade and encourage others to attain specific goals or to engage in specific behavior; it is the capacity to influence and motivate others† (Fuqua, Jr. , Payne & Cangemi, n. d. ). To truly have somebody follow a leader, they need to like or respect the leader. As an example, I previously had a supervisor that I hated. I followed her orders and direction because I had to, but no additional effort was made to go above and beyond. However, I now work for a supervisor that I admire and strive to be like. Now I find myself working harder and am more productive than I was with my prior supervisor. There is no perfect single type of power and rarely will life require only one type of power to truly motivate others. It is imperative to have multiple types of power in order to effectively motivate others in all situations and scenarios. I personally have achieved expert power and referent power. I have expert power in my job because I have been doing the job for eight years, more than most paralegals as many others transfer in nd out while I have only done paralegal work. As such, I have worked extensively in all areas of our career field and am normally the one assigned to train others. I know I have referent power because I have attorneys vying to have me be placed on their team. I have others striving to constantly have a good attitude and smile like I do (so I have been told). These two areas that I have gained some power in, but I have a lot to strive for in the future to obtain more power options. References Bauer, T., & Erdogan, B. (2012). Organizational behavior. (Version 1.1, Ch. 13). Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge Inc. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=http://ebooks.apus.edu/MGMT311/Bauer_Ch13-15.pdf Exforsys Inc. (2006). The importance of using expertise to lead. Retrieved from http://www.exforsys.com/career-center/leadership-skills/the-importance-of-using-expertise-to-lead.html Fuqua, Jr., H., Payne, K., & Cangemi, J. (n.d.). Leadership and the effective use of power. Informally published manuscript, Western Kentucky University, Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Fuqua,%20Jr.,%20Harold%20E.%20Leadership%20and%20the%20Effectives%20Use%20of%20Power.pdf Prudden, L. (n.d.). Reward and recognition. Retrieved from http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/arossett/pie/Interventions/incentivesrewards_1.htm